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Oh 'allo mon-see-er, I couldn’t 'elp but notice England isn’t on that list 🇬🇧
“I do not say the French cannot come, I only say they cannot come by sea.”
And that’s how the tunnel got built!
Unfounded rumours of a massive flat French invasion raft powered by windmills and paddle-wheels, a secretly-dug channel tunnel, and an invasion fleet of balloons, spread via the print media,
SECRET CHUNNEL
Explanation: The First French Empire was founded and led by the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, whose very name is a byword for conquest (and narcissism). The Second French Empire was founded and led by Napoleon III, Napoleon I’s nephew (Napoleon II never actually ruled). It was, uh, significantly less successful.
Not an expert, but I get the feeling if Napoleon III had died peacefully sometime in 1869, he would have been considered a success.
Dunno, by then the French intervention in Mexico had utterly failed, and Napoleon III’s only other great foreign policy success was wresting Nice from the Austrians.
Just from looking at the Wikipedia page, it sounds like it’d make a great high-school-level essay: “If Napoleon III had died peacefully in 1869 he’d be considered a success”
- responsible for a lot of modernization in France
- colonization: conquests in Asia, held on to North Africa, maintained interests in China (all of which the Europeans considered good things)
- one of the key people in Europe: part of the Crimean War alliance (which included England!), responsible for helping unify northern Italy by defeating Austria, “defender of Catholicism”
- the Mexico expedition was a disaster, but it was failed expansion and didn’t end in France itself getting invaded (which several of Napoleon I’s disasters did)
- if the war of 1870 had never happened, it would have been one of the great “what ifs” of history. Prussia spent half a century of militarization because of its defeat by Napoleon I, and by the end of the century would have arguably the best land army in the world. We now know how a France-Prussia war turned out, but in 1869 that was not obvious. Even if an alternate-history Prussia had defeated France, we would have hypothesized that maybe if Napoleon III had been there he would have made the difference
- DISCLAIMER: he overthrew his own Republic and let himself be pulled into a war he wasn’t ready for, so he was in fact a pretty horrible guy, just saying that there’s an argument that he’s not as clownish as he’s sometimes portrayed
Let us not forget Pepe Botella!
Napoleon’s brother, decreed as king of Spain. But best known for his ability to drink alcohol, in prodigious quantities.
