Despite this clear connection, most smokers do not develop lung cancer. Recent studies suggest that some smokers possess protective mechanisms limiting DNA mutations, offering new insights into cancer prevention and early detection.

Understanding Risk Factors and Molecular Mechanisms

Epidemiological studies have long associated lung cancer risk with factors like total smoking dose, duration, and timing of cessation. Yet, 80-90% of lifelong smokers never develop lung cancer, with most smoking-related deaths occurring in older populations. To unravel this paradox, researchers have shifted their focus to molecular and genetic factors, seeking to identify specific mechanisms that protect some individuals from carcinogenesis.