To play the devil’s advocate… Water shouldn’t be free, because that’s how it gets taken for granted. While I absolutely agree that there is a human right to water, it’s a shared resource that is becoming increasingly unpredictable due to weather and water quality. I live in a state that was hit hard by drought multiple times over the past decade and we’re always reactionary in addressing the problem at the time, rather than trying to establish efficient water use in the long term.

Water rate structures are an important tool for ensuring that people use water efficiently. Things are slowly changing for the better in terms of infrastructure, but not fast enough to match existing issues. So the demand side needs to be addressed as well as the supply side. Having a rate structure that gets increasingly expensive on a per unit basis for wasteful households is the gold standard (although of course it’s difficult to implement without enough data, which is why creating a robust rate structure is a balancing act that can take a few years of study).

(Of course there are other elephants in the room, like the inherent racism in the water rights system and the fact that agriculture uses way too much of it…)