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Explanation: After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire lived on. Only, uh, without Rome. Or the rest of Italy. For obvious reasons, this affected the cultural outlook of the elites and changed the populations they were drawn from, and the resulting successor state, which regarded itself simply as the Roman Empire of old, was largely Greek and oriented its foundation on a Christian religious identity. This successor state/continuation is commonly known as the Byzantine Empire, after the former name of its capital - Byzantium - then Constantinople - now Istanbul.