Fun fact, in french, the circumflex usually means that there used to be an S after that letter, but it was linguistically evolved away over time. Depending on when this happened, we can see remnants of the before version of this evolution in some English words
Yup, in French that circumflex is kind of etymological. I say “kind of” because that /s/ being dropped changed the pronunciation of the preceding vowel, and depending on the vowel and the modern dialect there might be some leftover of that change; for example ⟨tâche⟩ /tɑʃ/ “task” vs. ⟨tache⟩ /taʃ/ “stain”.
Originally the diacritic backtracks all the way into Ancient Greek. Back then Greek had a pitch accent, and a vowel could either raise in pitch (so it got an acute, ά) or fall (so it got a grave, ὰ). But some long vowels and diphthongs did both things, raising then fall, so the solution was to mark it with both, as ᾶ. Eventually that circumflex evolved into a tilde-like shape, but that’s a coincidence.
Other languages might use it for vowel length, vowel quality, stress.
There’s also the upside-down circumflex used in Chinese transliteration which indicates the opposite kind of intonation change. 我 (wǒ) has tone which falls and then rises (like a person confusedly saying “huh?”)
Fun fact, in french, the circumflex usually means that there used to be an S after that letter, but it was linguistically evolved away over time. Depending on when this happened, we can see remnants of the before version of this evolution in some English words
Eg:
Hôtel -> Hostel
Hôpital -> Hospital
Fête -> Fest (as in festival)
Hâte -> Haste
Yup, in French that circumflex is kind of etymological. I say “kind of” because that /s/ being dropped changed the pronunciation of the preceding vowel, and depending on the vowel and the modern dialect there might be some leftover of that change; for example ⟨tâche⟩ /tɑʃ/ “task” vs. ⟨tache⟩ /taʃ/ “stain”.
Originally the diacritic backtracks all the way into Ancient Greek. Back then Greek had a pitch accent, and a vowel could either raise in pitch (so it got an acute, ά) or fall (so it got a grave, ὰ). But some long vowels and diphthongs did both things, raising then fall, so the solution was to mark it with both, as ᾶ. Eventually that circumflex evolved into a tilde-like shape, but that’s a coincidence.
Other languages might use it for vowel length, vowel quality, stress.
There’s also the upside-down circumflex used in Chinese transliteration which indicates the opposite kind of intonation change. 我 (wǒ) has tone which falls and then rises (like a person confusedly saying “huh?”)