To date, EMAS safely stopped 22 overrunning aircraft, carrying 432 crew and passengers aboard those flights.
Seems that this isn’t a new tech but can be hard to retrofit at airports with limited space. Cool to see a list of airports that do have it installed though
In some cases, it is not practicable to achieve the full standard RSA because there may be a lack of available land. There also may be obstacles such as bodies of water, highways, railroads, and populated areas or severe drop-off of terrain.
There are runways with crushable concrete at the ends, but I’m not sure that does much for something skidding across without gear down.
https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/engineered-material-arresting-system-emas-0
Same link addresses a lot of your questions, I think
Seems that this isn’t a new tech but can be hard to retrofit at airports with limited space. Cool to see a list of airports that do have it installed though