Many researchers suspect that Prototaxites was an early type of fungus. But in a study published January 21 [2026] in the journal Science Advances, a team argues that one species is chemically and structurally distinct from fungi, hinting that the mysterious genus likely represents a previously undiscovered, extinct branch of life.


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The thing about the unknown is it’s unknown. There are an unknown amount of undiscovered branches of life, and the fossil record we know at the moment is but a tiny fraction of what has lived on Earth. Most of it is lost forever.