The glue will depend on the internal bezels, sometimes they are wide enough for us to use some specialized (very strong) 1mm double sided tape but other times they are ridiculously tiny and almost impossible to glue well. In the latter situation most would tell you to buy the OEM adhesive but frankly it’s not any better.

If you do go with the tape method heat the phone up after assembly and press on it firmly. The heat softens the glue up and when you press down on it, it’ll “flow” into all the gaps, providing stronger adhesion.

I find that a phone is too cold if I could hold it indefinitely (without my hands burning) and too hot if your hand immediately starts burning. Usually I aim to get it hot enough to comfortably hold for a few seconds while I get it apart. If you want exact numbers the temperature I use on my heating pad is 70c.

To glue the fingerprint sensor (and many other small parts) I use liquid super glue . Sure some technicians may not approve of it but it has some very useful properties for small parts. It is strong and unlikely for fail in normal use, it is very easy to apply and easy to cure and its still weak and brittle enough that you can still remove the component later.

Put a drop of super glue on a piece of plastic (to discard later) and use a toothpick to apply a tiny amount. Look closely to see if the liquid has wetted all mating surfaces and let it cure.

To repair the chargeport you will likely need to go to a more specialized repair shop to solder it. SMD components should not be handled by beginners and it takes a lot of time to get good at it (professionally we use microscopes, precision soldering irons and hot air rework stations for them).