I tried looking into this myself but I couldn’t really find much about this error. The only solutions I could find didn’t work for me. The first one was to use mokutil but at the point where I was supposed to run sudo mokutil -- it gives me the error message “Failed to get file status, MOK.der” even though I did everything it told me to do. The other one was to disable secure boot and then run sudo '/sbin/vboxconfig' but even though it looked like it worked, I’m still getting the error message. I have re-enabled secure boot, so you don’t have to worry about that.
Is there something else I can try or does VirtualBox not work in Linux Mint for some reason?
I had the same problem (running Fedora 38), and this post really helped me - it goes through the whole MOK generation/enrollment and then provides a script to automatically sign the modules. I had to make a couple of adjustments to make it work on my system and to automatically load the modules with
modprobe, but now I just run/sbin/vboxconfig; /root/bin/sign-vbox-moduleseach time my kernel gets updated and can use VBox fine again.(Here‘s my adjusted version too in case that helps :)