Researchers are realizing that animal communication is more complicated than previously thought, and that the information animals share in their vocalizations can be complex. For example, some animals produce calls that warn of specific dangers in the environment, such as a predator, and these calls can even contain information about the type of predator (e.g., flying vs. ground predator). These calls are known as referential calls.
@Haggunenons I think they did have to witness someone else scolding the mask. I initially read this and misunderstood how the horizontal transmisdion works.
Ah, I see. The book they mention in that article, Gifts of the Crow, looks good. I’m adding it to my list.
@Haggunenons yes it does! I really wish we had crows in my country. I would definitely be trying to do gift exchanges with them.