Hello all,

I’m in the market for buying a new laptop to install Linux on. I’m trying to stay with something relatively cheap (Around $300 and below). I’m getting ready to start a degree program in cyber security and did some research, and it seems Kali Linux would be the best distro for me to install.

I would install it on my current computer, but I only have a 2015 MacBook Pro, and I’ve read that a few people run into some issues installing on a Mac compared to a regular PC.

With the above in mind, do I need to increase my budget or does Linux run fine on low-end laptops?

Thanks!

  • @[email protected]English
    9•11 months ago

    For under $300, I would go for a used Thinkpad. I got a T460s for a few hundred bucks that runs linux wonderfully (jesus was the pre-installed Windows slow though). Linux usually runs much better than Windows on old low-end hardware. That 2015 MacBook has an Intel processor, so I would try Linux on that first as it might be more powerful than what you can afford to buy.

    Kali is not an OS you would want to use for your main desktop, if you need those security tools you can run them in a virtual machine / live usb. I see you’ve tried to base your distro choice off of what you intend to do in school, which I think is a mistake. Choose your distro based off of the merits of the distro itself, as once you get past the package manager and release cycle, you can get the same experience on any distribution.

    Before choosing a distro I would make sure you know the answer to these questions (in terms of what you want):

    1. Stable or rolling release model?
    2. Package manager (apt, dnf, pacman, zypper, etc.)

    and these about your desktop environment:

    1. What desktop environment (or standalone window manager) do you want to use?
    2. Do I want to use Wayland or X11 as a display server? Does it matter to me which I use?
    3. Does your distro have a spin preinstalled with your desktop environment of choice?

    ^ Also, if you are unsure about what some of this means, feel free to ask.

    • @[email protected]English
      3•11 months ago

      Thinkpads are great simply because so many Linux devs use them. Likely that any kernel issues are fixed, especially if not brand new.

    • @KuroJOPEnglish
      1•11 months ago

      Thanks for the detailed response! I think I’ll take the advice that some others and that you’ve mentioned also. I have an extra USB drive laying around so I’m going to try and install Linux and run it through a VM on my Mac first. If all runs well, then great! If not, I’ll look into the Thinkpad.

      I actually am unsure of what numbers 2,4, and 5 mean in your response. I’m coming from a non-tech field, but have a huge interest and am trying to build up my knowledge on all of the technical terms especially when it comes to Linux.

      Thanks again!

      • @[email protected]English
        4•11 months ago

        No problem! About the USB drive, running it in a VM would not tell you anything about how it will run on the Macbook itself. I would recommend booting into the usb in a ‘live environment’. Essentially, you boot into the linux operating system off of the usb and are able to play around and use it in a non-persistent environment. You simply plug in the usb and select it as your boot device. If you decide you like it and it works well, installing should be as easy and following the steps in the installer. The reason running a VM wouldn’t tell you anything is that VMs are virtualizated, meaning they don’t directly run off of your computers hardware. The drivers used for virtual machines are their own unique virtualization drivers, so for these reasons running linux VMs is separate from linux compatibility on bare metal.

        Here is an explanation of those questions:

        1. This is less important when choosing your first distro, but some users have varying preferences on package managers. The package manager is responsible for installing and updating everything on your system (everything; applications, libraries, and the kernel) that has been installed via the package manager. Some package managers are distro-agnostic and are installed alongside your distro’s package manager, like Nix or Guix, although you don’t really have to worry about these. The package manager is baked into the distro you used and cannot be changed, and some distros have the same package manager. For an example of a preference, dnf (Fedora’s package manager) commands are much more verbose than pacman (Arch’s package manager) commands.

        To show what I mean, here’s the command for installing a package with each:

        dnf install <package>

        pacman -S <package>

        Some find the letter arguments of pacman more confusing.

        An example of a preference I’ve observed is that I prefer dnf’s search results over apt’s (Debian’s package manager), although apt search is much faster than dnf’s. Little things like these don’t make a huge difference, but the package manager is something you will interact with a lot, so watching a quick video or guide on a distro’s package manager can’t hurt.

        1. A display server is responsible for displaying your graphical environment. If you have your laptop open and you’re looking at a few windows, the display server is responsible for the placement, size, and content of the windows. Everything graphic on a linux system is handled by the display server. You have chosen to get into linux in the middle of a sort of transition period from the older X11 display server to the newer Wayland display server. Wayland is newer, more secure, and overall snappier / less screen-tear-ey. X11 is older and not receiving development, but is tried and tested, much better for accessibility needs than Wayland, and more “self-contained” (i.e X11 is not just one program, it contains many programs to make interacting with the graphic environment easy and consistent. Wayland leaves these integrations in the hand of each “compositor”)

        Desktop environments and window managers will either:

        1. Support Wayland and X11
        2. Support only X11 (Many X11 only examples have forks that support Wayland)
        3. Support only Wayland

        As for your applications, some may or may not support running on Wayland natively, which is a non-issue as the program XWayland will automatically run X11 only programs through X11 on your Wayland desktop.

        TL;DR on the display server section here: One day you will have to use Wayland, but today is not that day. If Wayland covers all the functionality you need, and you do not use NVIDIA (Wayland on NVIDIA is not in a good state currently), I would go with that. If accessibility or easy software compatibility is your aim, go X11.

        1. This one is easy, let’s say you’ve decided you 100% want to use the Cinnamon desktop environment. Linux Mint has three spins (All that ‘spin’ means is a version of the distro with that desktop environment pre-installed): Cinnamon, MATE, and XFCE, however not all distros offer a Cinnamon spin. If you wanted to use a distro that does not offer a spin of the desktop environment you’d like, download the ‘minimal’ iso for that distro. Some distros call this iso a different name or might only offer a ‘server’ iso that fulfills the same purpose, but basically you’ll boot into a tty (terminal prompt) and you can simply install the desktop environment you want via the package manager.

        I hope this helps and isn’t confusing!

        • @KuroJOPEnglish
          2•11 months ago

          Wow! Thank you for the detailed information. I had some issues trying to install Linux on my Mac so I ended up buying a t480 and I installed Pop! OS on it. Everything at the moment is running smoothly and I’m currently still setting up programs on it that I believe I will be using in my cyber security journey. Thanks again for the detailed explanation, I have a lot to learn!

          • @[email protected]English
            2•11 months ago

            No problem! Pop! is a great distro, and if you end up really loving it you could go for a System76 laptop at some point in the future, because S76 makes Pop! it integrates really nicely with their laptops.

            We never stop learning!

      • @JoMiranEnglish
        2•11 months ago

        I second Thinkpad T series. They are one of the workhorses of the corporate world, so they are often very well supported by the Linux community. Thinkpads overall should all be fully supported now since Lenovo has made a public commitment to make all of their Thinkpads Linux compatible. My daily driver for years now has been a Thinkpad X1 Extreme on Pop!_OS 20.04. I need to upgrade to 22.04 but the system is so rock solid that I just don’t see the point.

        CONTEXT: I have been on Linux since RedHat’s Halloween release. I can tinker but at my age I just prefer thing to just work. Also, I am one of the first CISSPs, ever, and I have been working on information security since 1999 with Y2K prep. Kali is fine, but once you figure out your toolkit, you will want to pick your favorite distro and customize it to your taste.

    • @[email protected]English
      0•11 months ago

      Because you left such a good answer I have a question related to number 4. Any idea how KDE Plasma is working with Wayland these days? I’ve been to their showstopper page from time to time but haven’t really asked the question to anyone who may have tried it recently.

      • @[email protected]English
        2•11 months ago

        I use it both in my work machine and home desktop. It’s generally fine and just works on my home box (AMD graphics). The work machine has a HiDPI 4k panel which I’ve set to 200% scaling - that, along with nVidia graphics has a few issues (especially with Java and electron based apps), but it’s been getting better in the few months I’ve had it, e.g. the latest Firefox fixed some scaling issues.