$ is ambiguous. You need to say 2023$ vs 2022$. Once you have year-$ in front, everything becomes super-obvious.

Loan amount: 2022-$10,000

Total repayment: 2023-$10,500

Except April2023$ is 4.9% less value than April2022$: https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2023/consumer-prices-up-4-9-percent-from-april-2022-to-april-2023.htm

So April2023-$10,500 is equivalent to April2022-$9985.50, inflation-adjusted.