South Korea’s National Intelligence Service (NIS) warns of increased cyber espionage attacks by North Korean hackers on domestic semiconductor manufacturers. These attacks exploit known vulnerabilities in internet-exposed servers for initial access and use “living off the land” tactics to avoid detection. The aim is to steal sensitive data, including product designs and facility photos, to support North Korea’s own chip-making and military needs amidst international sanctions. NIS advises firms on detection and prevention, emphasizing the need for security updates and strict access controls.