Is there a programming language specifically designed for interacting with SQL databases that avoids the need for Object-Relational Mappers (ORMs) to solve impedance mismatch from the start?
If such a language exists, would it be a viable alternative to PHP or Go for a web backend project?
As pixxelkick already said, you most likely need some kind of mapping anyway between backend sql and frontend json. If you would have a language designed for interacting with sql databases it would probably suck for everything else.
In java with jooq and its generator it works pretty well, actually. You get the database types as java types and have rather safe queries. Type support breaks down for large and complicated queries, though.