I believe ants and honey bees have genetically-coded and baked-in specializations like worker and queen bees
A number of insects, like ants, bees and termites, create the equivalent of settlements (mounds and hives) and have structured societies, so to speak. Some termite mounds are very big, so maybe you could call it a city.
Whether what they have could be analogous to our economy is debatable, since they all work to feed their respective collectives and never engage in any form of trade with different communities, though they may fight
Isn’t there one giant ant colony that’s essentially the same colony spread over several us states?
I’ll have to look it up and get back to this with answers.
There’s one, I think in Brazil, as big as the UK
Welp, talk about learning something completely unexpected
the largest colonies may be those of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile, an invasive ‘tramp’ species native to South America.
One supercolony in Europe spans 6000 km of the coasts of Portugal, Spain, France and Italy
https://www.discoverwildlife.com/animal-facts/insects-invertebrates/largest-ant-colony