Recruitment of coral larvae on reefs is crucial for individual survival and ecosystem integrity alike. Coral larvae can detect and respond to a wide range of biotic and abiotic cues, including acoustic cues, to locate suitable sites for settlement and metamorphosis. However, the acoustic ecology of coral larvae, including how they perceive auditory cues, remains poorly understood. In this mini-review we consider both ex situ physiology and behavior, and in situ ecological and behavioral studies, to first provide an updated overview of the abiotic and biotic cues used by coral larvae to guide settlement. We then explore in detail the use of acoustic cues and the current literature on behavioral responses to acoustic stimuli. Finally, we discuss gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms by which coral larvae detect acoustic cues, highlighting a novel application of technology to explore these sensory capabilities. We also address how larval phonotaxis, i.e., the ability to orient to a sound cue, can be applied to coral reef conservation. Current research suggests that acoustic cues are likely used at small spatial scales, and that coral larvae may have directional acoustic sensitivity enabling phonotactic behavior. Recruitment of coral larvae on reefs is significantly influenced by habitat-specific soundscape variation and likely affected by anthropogenic disturbance. We propose a novel application of the remote sensing technology, micro-scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (...
  • @HaggunenonsOPM
    1•1 year ago

    summary made with Quivr/GPT-4

    user:

    What is this document about? Give me a detailed summary explaining the discoveries and observations in this document. Use plain english that is easy to understand and really highlight the potential benefits of the discoveries made.

    assistant:

    This document is a scientific article from the journal “Frontiers in Marine Science”. The authors, led by Josh W. Pysanczyn, are exploring the role of acoustics, or sound, in the life cycle of coral larvae, specifically during their settlement phase.

    The authors discuss the potential of using “acoustic enrichment techniques” in coral reef conservation and restoration efforts. This means they are looking at how sound can be used to help coral reefs recover and grow. They highlight that successful management and restoration of coral reefs can lead to the recovery of the natural soundscape, which in turn can double fish recruitment, increase overall fish abundance by 50%, and increase species richness.

    In other words, when we take care of and restore coral reefs, they start to sound like healthy reefs again. This healthy soundscape attracts more fish and a greater variety of species.

    The authors also propose an experiment using a technique called laser Doppler vibrometry to study how coral larvae respond to sound. This could provide valuable insights into how sound influences the behavior of coral larvae, which could be used to develop new strategies for coral reef conservation and restoration.

    In simple terms, this research is about understanding how sound affects baby corals and how we can use this knowledge to help save coral reefs.

    user:

    Please go into detail explaining the different “acoustic enrichment techniques” that are discussed in the document.

    assistant:

    The article discusses the use of acoustic enrichment techniques in coral reef conservation and restoration. Acoustic enrichment refers to the use of sound to improve the health of coral reefs. This is based on the understanding that healthy coral reefs have a rich soundscape, including the sounds of foraging echinoids, grazing scarids, vocalizing fish, and snapping shrimp. Degraded reefs, on the other hand, are quieter and less acoustically complex.

    One specific technique mentioned is the playback of recordings from healthy coral reefs through underwater speakers. This approach has been shown to improve metrics of fish community health in degraded coral reef habitats on an experimental scale. The sound attracts fish communities, which can help corals repopulate degraded reefs.

    The article also mentions the use of low-cost, low specification passive acoustic monitoring in combination with machine-learning analysis to improve the analysis of ecoacoustic indices and successfully track coral reef restoration.

    Two specific projects are mentioned: ‘The Reef Song Project’, an Australian Coral Reef Resilience Initiative (ACRRI) which uses healthy reef recordings to attract fish communities to sixty patch reefs made of coral rubble and live fragments at Ningaloo Reef and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. The other is the ‘Reef Solutions Initiative’ by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI), which also uses healthy reef recordings to attract coral larvae to degraded reefs.

    However, the article notes that the potential of acoustic enrichment is still largely untested and further research is needed to understand how different coral taxa respond to acoustic cues and to place acoustics within the hierarchy of sensory cues that coral larvae integrate to locate an optimal site for settlement and recruitment to the reef.