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This has been discussed before in a few places. https://fedi-search.com/ seem like the site you are looking for. Full credit to Benjamin Pryor

You should be able to eventually, although it might take a little bit of time for search engines to catch up and start indexing the relevant pages.

It’s going to take some time for search engine crawlers to start indexing everything, but yes it will defintely be searchable in the future.

Yes you can!

Fwiw I was looking for a post and couldn’t find anything through Google but Ecosia did show posts from Lemmy.

I just did a Google search for the word “Reddit” with site:lemmy.world and chose the past 24 hours in the search tools, and there are a huge number of results, some very recent, so it seems to be working fine.