Home heating is about 8% of California emissions, so it’s going to be necessary to get every home into a condition where it can be heated without the need to burn stuff. This is of necessity going to mean assisting households which otherwise can’t afford the capital expenditure. These new programs aren’t yet at the necessary scale, but that’s going to have to happen within the next few years.
1a. maintain the old one.
2b. buy before 2027.
3c. buy out-of-state.
4d. knowing how new electric appliances are expensive and flawed, maybe get restored ones.
5e. some solar water heaters use electricity only for the pump.
What’s happened is that commercially available heat pumps move about 3-4 units of heat for each one they consume, making them financially viable despite a higher upfront cost.
Photovoltaic cells plus a heat pump hot water heater is more cost effective than a solar thermal one at this point