Hi, I wanted to host a personal Lemmy instance online (for just myself, I don’t think I can take the upkeep for other users - please let me know if this is not possible) and wanted to understand how to “attach” a CDN service to it.
The idea behind doing this is that I’m in the US but I’m looking to host a server in Europe. I am looking into Cloudflare’s free CDN service, but it would be great if someone could point me towards how I can configure this setup to speed up the loading time for my Lemmy instance (which is going to be far away from me, geographically).
I would also like to know about your setups and how you have hosted Lemmy.
Thanks!
The reasons for having to use their nameservers is probably about getting some data in the process. But DNS queries are quite harmless compared to the MITM issue for the actual traffic.
Traffic proxied via CF uses their TLS certificates. Look up how HTTPS works, and you’ll understand that it means the encryption is terminated at Cloudflare.
For the record, CF DNS infrastructure is really solid. For something already public anyway, I’d use their services in a heartbeat. You get some WAF features and can add firewall rules like geoblocking, even on the free tier.
For sensitive data, I probably wouldn’t use the proxy service.
Ah, I think I’m starting to understand. Since they ask you to replace the default certificates with Cloudflare specific certificates, in order for these certificates to be authorised, the nameserver needs to be from CF.
But then, if they were to not use their own specific certificate, this would not be a limitation, yes? (As I imagine is the case with the more premium plans). In the case of the premium plans, how do they secure traffic and provide proxy/CDN services with just a CNAME?
A CNAME is just a DNS record that points to another DNS record, technically they could allow it for free users too.
I’d guess the point is they get info on what free users do with their DNS, to help make their paid services more appealing.
No offense, but you might be seriously overthinking this.
Ah, perfect. My hypothesis was correct!
Haha, I’m aware I’m probably trying to delve deeper than most users, but I really want to understand the technology I plan to use. I am also very interested in Networking and such concepts intrigue me!
Could you tell me how proxying traffic would work if they just asked the user to create a CNAME rather than using their nameservers? I still can’t figure this part out.
My apologies for asking so many questions, but I just can’t seem to rest till I wrap my head around this :)
No need to apologize.
You’d create a CNAME for
myservice.mydomain.com, that points toproxynearorigin.cloudflare.com.proxynearorigin.cloudflare.comcontains the A and AAAA records for the reverse proxy servers. When you do a DNS query formyservice.mydomain.com, it will (eventually) resolve to the CF proxy IPs.The CF proxies see from the traffic that you originally requested
myservice.mydomain.comand serve your content based on that. This still requires you to tell Cloudflare where the origin server is so the reverse proxies can connect to it.On the free service instead of the CNAME you set the origin server’s IP as the A and/or AAAA record. Enabling the proxy service actually changes this so that when someone makes a DNS query to
myservice.mydomain.comthey get the proxy addresses straight as A and AAAA records, leaving the IP you originally configured known only to Cloudflare internally.It’s hard to explain this, and since I don’t work at Cloudflare the details may be off too. The best way to get an idea is play around with something like NGINX and run a local DNS server (Bind, Unbound, dnsmasq, PiHole…) and see for yourself how the DNS system works.
CDN isn’t really related to DNS at all. In the case of the CF free tier, it’s actually more like caching static content, which is technically a bit different. A CDN is a service that replicates said static content to multiple locations on high-performant servers, allowing the content to always be served from close to to the client. Where DNS comes in is that Anycast is probably used, and
cdn.cloudflare.comactually resolves to different IPs depending on where the DNS query is made from.There’s also the chance that I don’t actually know what I’m talking about, but luckily someone will most likely correct me if that’s the case. :)
Thank you so much. This was very helpful, I am finally clear on what CloudFlare is doing. I can’t tell you how happy I am to have understood what is going on behind-the-scenes. Your explanation makes perfect sense, my guess was similar to your explanation on how this works in the free-tier, but I just wasn’t able to figure out how they would do it in the more premium tiers. Thanks you so much again!
Cheers