This is probably a stupid question, since 2 > 1, but here goes…
I have a home server. It’s a ComputerLINK 1U rack server I bought off eBay some years back. It has 2 CPUs, Intel Xeon E5645 2.4Ghz(https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/48768/intel-xeon-processor-e5645-12m-cache-2-40-ghz-5-86-gt-s-intel-qpi.html). It also has two 750W power supplies, but I have one unplugged. It also has RAM and 5 HDDs.
I also have the guts of my old desktop PC. The CPU is an AMD FX8350 4Ghz(https://www.amd.com/en/products/cpu/fx-8350). The motherboard is some ASUS model, I forget and don’t want to check right now. A potential PSU would be 500-600W range.
My question: I am considering moving to use my old PC parts as a new home server. One benefit is to cut down on the noise (rack mount PC fans are LOUD). But the real gain I would want is on power savings. So, if RAM and the multiple HDDs all stay the same, but I moved them to the AMD/ASUS CPU/motherboard, can anyone definitively say this will be more power-efficient?
I am not very knowledgeable when it comes to electrics or power consumption, and am just looking for someone to confirm for me. I am aware that the AMD CPU still isn’t an excellent choice for an always-on machine, but it could be an improvement.
Question: does your home server Need to be powerful for what it does? Would a mini desktop PC or a single board computer be able to do the same job as your current setup? Of your main concern is truly power savings, consider those options. Most mini pcs maybe draw 60 watts, most laptops only draw around 15-20 watts, most SBCs only draw around 5-10 watts max with the raspberry pis exactly 5 watts max. The zero SBCs draw one watt of power at max and consume half a watt idle.
The best way to increase energy savings on your currently owned server would be to upgrade your PSU and not motherboard. Get a gold rated PSU certified by energy star as it has at least 85% efficiency. Invest in a kill-a-watt measurement device that plugs into the outlet so you an see exactly how much wattage you are pulling and how much you manage to cut down.
There are probably Mini PCs that would work for my load, but those would be higher end ones and I am not looking to spend money.
I run a lot on this machine. Nextcloud, Jellyfin, Home Assistant, TVHeadEnd, Mosquitto, Z2Mqtt, databases, file shares, pacman cache, a lot more that I am forgetting. Basically lots of IO going on at any point.
I definitely understand not wanting to spend money, and dont have any more suggestions really hope the amd motherboard works out well for you if that’s what you decide on.
One thing I would like to say though, is that sometimes you need to spend money to make money. It cost maybe 80$ for a used mini PC on eBay (corporations literally throw them in the trash after every few years). Lets say your current setup consumes 10 dollars in energy per month to run, after a year its 120$ in energy in upkeep. Let’s say a mini PC cost 5$ in energy per month or 60$ per year. Meaning while you may have invested 80$ initially, its nearly made up for itself in power savings after only a year. And those numbers are probably even better in real life as a mini PC is almost certainly uses much less than half the power of a regular desktop/server.
A raspberry pi 5 could almost certainly do most of the things you describe, and its also around 80$ (i think) its extremely fast and has great IO speed. Check out ExplainingComputers review of pi 5
Another advantage of the pi particularly the zero is that it can potentially be powered by solar power and a few batteries, cutting power cost completely. LowTechMagazine has a solar powered version of their website with public info on power stats which is really cool https://solar.lowtechmagazine.com/power
Again, I understand not wanting to spend $ however if you are in a good enough financial position that a hundred bucks is expendable income, consider retiring your old hardware for something newer and much more energy saving, and probably just as good for your service needs.
I run Plex, Jellyfin, nginx, nginx proxy manager, AdGuard, portainer, a flame startpage, nextcloud, unifi controller and Wireguard on a Pi4 4GB. I don’t really run into any CPU issues. Transcoding video on Jellyfin or Plex though is a no no though.
Pointless fact, I was walking to get lunch from work and saw Chris (the guy from explaining computers) crossing the road. Made me double take. This was a few years back when I first saw his Pi videos.
I am skeptical that a Pi 5 could handle the load, especially for > 1 Jellyfin streams. Right now at idle my server is using a bit over 10gb or RAM.
That said, you raise some good points and I am reconsidering a bit. It may make sense to just move to something new rather than feel the need to upgrade again in 12 months.