import kotlin.text.flatMapIndexed

fun main() {
    fun part1(input: List<String>): Long {
        val disk = parseInputDay09(input)
        return disk.compactFragmented().checksum()
    }

    fun part2(input: List<String>): Long {
        val disk = parseInputDay09(input)
        return disk.blockify().compactContiguous().checksum()
    }

    val testInput = readInput("Day09_test")
    check(part1(testInput) == 1928L)
    check(part2(testInput) == 2858L)

    val input = readInput("Day09")
    part1(input).println()
    part2(input).println()
}

fun parseInputDay09(input: List<String>): DiscretizedDisk {
    var id = 0
    return input[0].flatMapIndexed { index, char ->
        val size = "$char".toInt()
        if (index % 2 == 0) List(size) { DiskBlockElement(id) }
        else (List(size) { DiskBlockElement(-1) }).also { id++ }
    }
}

data class DiskBlockElement(val id: Int)  // -1 id is empty
data class DiskBlock(val id: Int, val indexRange: IntRange)

typealias Disk = List<DiskBlock>
typealias DiscretizedDisk = List<DiskBlockElement>
fun DiscretizedDisk.compactFragmented(): DiscretizedDisk {
    val freeSpace = count { it.id < 0 }
    val onlyFiles = reversed().filter { it.id >= 0 }
    var indexIntoOnlyFiles = 0
    val discretizedCompacted = map { if (it.id < 0) onlyFiles[indexIntoOnlyFiles++] else it }.dropLast(freeSpace) + List(freeSpace) { DiskBlockElement(-1) }
    return discretizedCompacted
}

fun Disk.compactContiguous(): DiscretizedDisk {
    var (onlyFiles, spaaaaace) = (this.partition { it.id >= 0 })
    onlyFiles = onlyFiles.reversed()

    val emptySpacesCreatedIndexes = mutableListOf<List<Int>>()
    var spaceRemaining = spaaaaace.first().indexRange.size()
    val emptyBlockReplacements = spaaaaace.map { emptyBlock ->
        buildList {
            spaceRemaining = emptyBlock.indexRange.size()
            while (spaceRemaining > 0) {
                val fittingBlockIndex = onlyFiles.indexOfFirst { it.indexRange.size() <= spaceRemaining }
                if (fittingBlockIndex == -1) {
                    add(DiskBlock(-1, (emptyBlock.indexRange.last() - spaceRemaining + 1)..emptyBlock.indexRange.last()))
                    break
                }
                val fittingBlock = onlyFiles[fittingBlockIndex]
                if (fittingBlock.indexRange.first <= emptyBlock.indexRange.last) {
                    add(DiskBlock(-1, (emptyBlock.indexRange.last() - spaceRemaining + 1)..emptyBlock.indexRange.last()))
                    break
                }

                val newDiscretizedIndex = with(emptyBlock.indexRange.last() - spaceRemaining + 1) { this until (this + fittingBlock.indexRange.size()) }
                add(fittingBlock.copy(indexRange = newDiscretizedIndex))
                spaceRemaining -= fittingBlock.indexRange.size()
                onlyFiles = onlyFiles.withoutElementAt(fittingBlockIndex)
                emptySpacesCreatedIndexes.add(fittingBlock.indexRange.toList())
            }
        }
    }

    val replaceWithEmpty = emptySpacesCreatedIndexes.flatten()
    var replacementIndex = 0
    return flatMap {
        if (it.id >= 0) listOf(it) else emptyBlockReplacements[replacementIndex++]
    }.discretize().mapIndexed { index, blockElement -> if (index in replaceWithEmpty) DiskBlockElement(-1) else blockElement }
}

fun DiscretizedDisk.blockify(): Disk = buildList {
    var blockID = this@blockify.first().id
    var blockStartIndex = 0
    this@blockify.forEachIndexed { index, blockElement ->
        if (blockElement.id != blockID) {
            add(DiskBlock(blockID, blockStartIndex until index))
            blockStartIndex = index
            blockID = blockElement.id
        } else if (index == this@blockify.lastIndex) add(DiskBlock(blockElement.id, blockStartIndex.. this@blockify.lastIndex))
    }
}

fun Disk.discretize(): DiscretizedDisk = flatMap { block -> List(block.indexRange.size()) { DiskBlockElement(block.id) } }

fun DiscretizedDisk.checksum(): Long = foldIndexed(0) { index, acc, blockElement ->
    if (blockElement.id >= 0) acc + index * blockElement.id else acc
}

function readInput(inputFile::String)
	f = open(inputFile,"r"); diskMap::String = readline(f); close(f)
	disk::Vector{String} = []
	id::Int = 0
	for (i,c) in enumerate(diskMap)
		if i%2 != 0 #used space
			for j=1 : parse(Int,c)
				push!(disk,string(id))
			end
			id += 1
		else #free space
			for j=1 : parse(Int,c)
				push!(disk,".")
			end
		end
	end
	return disk
end

function getDiscBlocks(disk::Vector{String})::Vector{Vector{Int}}
	diskBlocks::Vector{Vector{Int}} = []
	currBlock::Int = parse(Int,disk[1]) #-1 for free space
	blockLength::Int = 0; blockStartIndex::Int = 0
	for (i,b) in enumerate(map(x->(x=="." ? -1 : parse(Int,x)),disk))
		if b == currBlock
			blockLength += 1
		else #b!=currBlock
			push!(diskBlocks,[currBlock,blockLength,blockStartIndex,i-2])
			currBlock = b
			blockLength = 1
			blockStartIndex = i-1 #start of next block
		end
	end
	push!(diskBlocks,[currBlock,blockLength,blockStartIndex,length(disk)-1])
	return diskBlocks
end

function compressDisk(disk::Vector{String})::Vector{Int} #part 1
	compressedDisk::Vector{Int} = []
	startPtr::Int=1; endPtr::Int=length(disk)
	while endPtr >= startPtr
		while endPtr>startPtr && disk[endPtr]=="."
			endPtr -= 1
		end
		while startPtr<endPtr && disk[startPtr]!="."
			push!(compressedDisk,parse(Int,disk[startPtr])) about AoC
			startPtr += 1
		end
		push!(compressedDisk,parse(Int,disk[endPtr]))
		startPtr+=1;endPtr-=1
	end
	return compressedDisk
end

function compressBlocks(diskBlocks::Vector{Vector{Int}})
	for i=length(diskBlocks) : -1 : 1 #go through all blocks, starting from end
		diskBlocks[i][1] == -1 ? continue : nothing
		for j=1 : i-1 #look for large enough empty space
			diskBlocks[j][1]!=-1 || diskBlocks[j][2]<diskBlocks[i][2] ? continue : nothing #skip occupied blocks and empty blocks that are too short
			diskBlocks[i][3] = diskBlocks[j][3] #set start index
			diskBlocks[i][4] = diskBlocks[j][3]+diskBlocks[i][2]-1 #set end index
			diskBlocks[j][3] += diskBlocks[i][2] #move start of empty block
			diskBlocks[j][2] -= diskBlocks[i][2] #adjust length of empty block
			break
		end
	end
	return diskBlocks
end

function calcChecksum(compressedDisk::Vector{Int})::Int
	checksum::Int = 0
	for (i,n) in enumerate(compressedDisk)
		checksum += n*(i-1)
	end
	return checksum
end

function calcChecksumBlocks(diskBlocks::Vector{Vector{Int}})::Int
	checksum::Int = 0
	for b in diskBlocks
		b[1]==-1 ? continue : nothing
		for i=b[3] : b[4]
			checksum += b[1]*i
		end
	end
	return checksum
end

disk::Vector{String} = readInput("input/day09Input")
@info "Part 1"
println("checksum: $(calcChecksum(compressDisk(disk)))")
@info "Part 2"
println("checksum: $(calcChecksumBlocks(compressBlocks(getDiscBlocks(disk)))")

import Control.Monad
import Data.Bifunctor

import Control.Arrow hiding (first, second)

import Data.Map (Map)
import Data.Set (Set)
import Data.Array.Unboxed (UArray)

import qualified Data.Map as Map
import qualified Data.Set as Set
import qualified Data.Ord as Ord
import qualified Data.List as List
import qualified Data.Char as Char
import qualified Data.Maybe as Maybe
import qualified Data.Array.Unboxed as UArray

toNumber = flip (-) (Char.ord '0') <<< Char.ord 

type FileID = Int
type FileLength = Int
type DiskPosition = Int
type File = (FileID, (DiskPosition, FileLength))
type EmptyMap = Map FileLength (Set DiskPosition)

readDisk :: DiskPosition -> [(Bool, FileLength)] -> [(Bool, (DiskPosition, FileLength))]
readDisk _ [] = []
readDisk o ((True, l):fs)  = (True, (o, l))  : readDisk (o+l) fs
readDisk o ((False, l):fs) = (False, (o, l)) : readDisk (o+l) fs

parse2 :: String -> ([File], EmptyMap)
parse2 s = takeWhile (/= '\n')
        >>> map toNumber
        >>> zip (cycle [True, False]) -- True is File, False is empty
        >>> readDisk 0
        >>> List.partition fst
        >>> join bimap (map snd)
        >>> first (zip [0..])
        >>> first List.reverse
        >>> second (filter (snd >>> (/= 0)))
        >>> second (List.sortOn snd)
        >>> second (List.groupBy (curry $ (snd *** snd) >>> uncurry (==)))
        >>> second (List.map (snd . head &&& map fst))
        >>> second (List.map (second Set.fromDistinctAscList))
        >>> second Map.fromDistinctAscList
        $ s

maybeMinimumBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> Maybe a
maybeMinimumBy _ [] = Nothing
maybeMinimumBy f as = Just $ List.minimumBy f as

fileChecksum fid fpos flen = fid * (fpos * flen + ((flen-1) * (flen-1) + (flen-1)) `div` 2)

type Checksum = Int
moveFilesAccumulate :: (Checksum, EmptyMap) -> File -> (Checksum, EmptyMap)
moveFilesAccumulate (check, spaces) (fid, (fpos, flen)) = do
        let bestFit = Map.map (Set.minView)
                >>> Map.toList
                >>> List.filter (fst >>> (>= flen))
                >>> List.filter (snd >>> Maybe.isJust)
                >>> List.map (second Maybe.fromJust) -- [(FileLength, (DiskPosition, Set DiskPosition))]
                >>> List.filter (snd >>> fst >>> (< fpos))
                >>> maybeMinimumBy (\ (_, (p, _)) (_, (p', _)) -> Ord.compare p p')
                $ spaces

        case bestFit of
                Nothing -> (check + fileChecksum fid fpos flen, spaces)
                Just (spaceLength, (spacePosition, remainingSet)) -> do
                        

                        -- remove the old empty entry by replacing the set
                        let updatedMap  = Map.update (const $! Just remainingSet) spaceLength spaces

                        -- add the remaining space, if any
                        let remainingSpace = spaceLength - flen
                        let remainingSpacePosition = spacePosition + flen
                        let updatedMap' = if remainingSpace == 0 then updatedMap else Map.insertWith (Set.union) remainingSpace (Set.singleton remainingSpacePosition) updatedMap

                        (check + fileChecksum fid spacePosition flen, updatedMap')

parse1 :: String -> UArray Int Int
parse1 s = UArray.listArray (0, sum lengthsOnly - 1) blocks
        where
                lengthsOnly = filter (/= '\n')
                        >>> map toNumber
                        $ s :: [Int]
                blocks = zip [0..]
                        >>> List.concatMap (\ (index, n) -> if index `mod` 2 == 0 then replicate n (index `div` 2) else replicate n (-1))
                        $ lengthsOnly :: [Int]

moveBlocksAccumulate :: Int -> Int -> UArray Int Int -> Int
moveBlocksAccumulate start stop array
        | start      == stop   = if startBlock == -1 then 0 else start * startBlock
        | start      >  stop   = 0
        | stopBlock  == -1     = moveBlocksAccumulate start (stop - 1) array
        | startBlock == -1     = movedChecksum + moveBlocksAccumulate (start + 1) (stop - 1) array
        | startBlock /= -1     = startChecksum + moveBlocksAccumulate (start + 1) stop array
        where
                startBlock    = array UArray.! start
                stopBlock     = array UArray.! stop
                movedChecksum = stopBlock * start
                startChecksum = startBlock * start

part1 a = moveBlocksAccumulate 0 arrayLength a
        where
                (_, arrayLength) = UArray.bounds a
part2 (files, spaces) = foldl moveFilesAccumulate (0, spaces)
        >>> fst
        $ files

main = getContents
        >>= print
        . (part1 . parse1 &&& part2 . parse2)

import { AdventOfCodeSolutionFunction } from "./solutions";
import { MakeEmptyGenericArray } from "./utils/utils";

const pretty_print = (disk: Array<number>) => disk.reduce<string>((prev, curr) => prev + (curr == -1 ? "." : curr), "");
const checksum = (disk: Array<number>) => disk.reduce<number>((prev, curr, index) => prev + (curr == -1 ? 0 : curr * index), 0);

const findSlice = (disk: Array<number>, id: number, startFrom?: number) => {
    const sectionStart = disk.indexOf(id, startFrom);

    if (sectionStart == -1)
        return [-1, -1];

    let sectionEnd = sectionStart;

    while (disk.length > ++sectionEnd && disk[sectionEnd] == id);

    return [sectionStart, sectionEnd];
}

export const solution_9: AdventOfCodeSolutionFunction = (input) => {
    let isFile = false;
    let id = 0;

    // make the disk
    const disk = input.split("").flatMap((v) => {
        isFile = !isFile;
        const count = Number(v);

        if (isFile) {
            id++;
            return MakeEmptyGenericArray(count, () => id - 1);
        }

        return MakeEmptyGenericArray(count, () => -1);
    });

    // make a copy of the disk
    const fragmentedDisk = [...disk];

    // start moving elements on the disk
    let start = 0
    let end = fragmentedDisk.length - 1;
    while (start < end) {
        if (fragmentedDisk[start] != -1) {
            start++;
            continue;
        }

        if (fragmentedDisk[end] == -1) {
            end--;
            continue;
        }

        // swap the values
        fragmentedDisk[start] = fragmentedDisk[end]
        fragmentedDisk[end] = -1;

        start++;
        end--;
    }


    main: while (id-- > 0) {
        // find the section that has the file
        const [sectionStart, sectionEnd] = findSlice(disk, id); // this will never return -1
        const sectionLength = sectionEnd - sectionStart;

        // find any section that can fit the file
        let freeStart;
        let freeEnd = 0;
        do {
            [freeStart, freeEnd] = findSlice(disk, -1, freeEnd);

            // can't find any free spaces or too far right
            if (freeStart == -1 || freeStart > sectionStart)
                continue main;

        } while (freeEnd - freeStart < sectionLength);

        // switch places
        let i = 0;
        while(sectionStart + i < sectionEnd) {
            disk[freeStart + i] = id;
            disk[sectionStart + i++] = -1;
        }
    }


    // calculate the checksums
    return {
        part_1: checksum(fragmentedDisk),
        part_2: checksum(disk),
    }
}

because of text limit and this code being slow, I put it in a topaz paste: [ link ]

you can also find this code in the Topaz link: [ link ]

def int_of_char(x):
    return ord(x) - ord('0')

# Represent content as tuples:
# ('Empty', size) or ('File', id, size)
def parse(line):
    arr = []
    for i in range(len(line)):
        c = int_of_char(line[i])
        if i % 2 == 0:
            arr.append(('File', i // 2, c))
        else:
            arr.append(('Empty', c))
    return arr

def int_sum(low, high):
    return (high - low + 1) * (high + low) // 2

def size(elem):
    t = elem[0]
    if t == 'Empty':
        return elem[1]
    else:
        return elem[2]

def part1(array):
    total = 0
    left = 0
    pos = 0
    right = len(array) - 1

    while left < right:
        if array[left][0] == 'File':
            # File
            _, fid, fsize = array[left]
            total += fid * int_sum(pos, pos + fsize - 1)
            pos += fsize
            left += 1
        else:
            # Empty
            _, esize = array[left]
            if array[right][0] == 'Empty':
                right -= 1
            else:
                # Right is File
                _, fid, fsize = array[right]
                if esize >= fsize:
                    array[left] = ('Empty', esize - fsize)
                    total += fid * int_sum(pos, pos + fsize - 1)
                    pos += fsize
                    right -= 1
                else:
                    array[right] = ('File', fid, fsize - esize)
                    total += fid * int_sum(pos, pos + esize - 1)
                    pos += esize
                    left += 1

    # If one element remains (left == right)
    if left == right and left < len(array):
        if array[left][0] == 'File':
            _, fid, fsize = array[left]
            total += fid * int_sum(pos, pos + fsize - 1)

    return total

def positions(arr):
    total = 0
    res = []
    for e in arr:
        res.append(total)
        total += size(e)
    return res

def array_fold_right_i(f, arr, acc):
    pos = len(arr) - 1
    for elt in reversed(arr):
        acc = f(elt, pos, acc)
        pos -= 1
    return acc

def part2(array):
    def find_empty(size_needed, max_pos, pos):
        while pos <= max_pos:
            if array[pos][0] == 'File':
                raise Exception("Unexpected: only empty at odd positions")
            # Empty
            _, esize = array[pos]
            if esize >= size_needed:
                array[pos] = ('Empty', esize - size_needed)
                return pos
            pos += 2
        return None

    emptys = [1 if i < 10 else None for i in range(10)]
    pos_arr = positions(array)

    def fold_fun(elt, i, total):
        if elt[0] == 'Empty':
            return total
        # File
        _, fid, fsize = elt
        init_pos = emptys[fsize]
        if init_pos is None:
            new_pos = pos_arr[i]
        else:
            opt = find_empty(fsize, i, init_pos)
            if opt is None:
                new_pos = pos_arr[i]
            else:
                new_pos = pos_arr[opt]
                pos_arr[opt] += fsize
                emptys[fsize] = opt
        return total + fid * int_sum(new_pos, new_pos + fsize - 1)

    return array_fold_right_i(fold_fun, array, 0)

def main():
    with open('largest_test', 'r') as f:
        line = f.read().replace('\r', '').replace('\n', '')
    arr = parse(line)
    arr_copy = arr[:]
    p1 = part1(arr_copy)
    print("Part 1 :", p1)
    p2 = part2(arr)
    print("Part 2 :", p2)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

#include "common.h"

/*
 * First went with a doubly linked list approach, but it was quite verbose
 * and we're dealing with short runs (max 9) anyway.
 */
static char input[20*1000+1];
static short disk[200*1000];
int input_sz, disk_sz;

static void
defrag(int p2)
{
	int a,b, a0=0, run, gap;

	/*
	 * b runs back to front, finding files.
	 * a runs front to back (from first gap, a0), finding gaps.
	 *
	 * For part 1 we short circuit the file length check so it deals
	 * with single tiles.
	 */
	for (b=disk_sz-1; b > 0; b--) {
		/* find and measure next file from back */
		for (; b>0 && !disk[b]; b--) ;
		for (run=1; p2 && b>0 && disk[b-1]==disk[b]; b--, run++) ;

		/* find the first gap */
		for (; a0 < b && disk[a0]; a0++) ;

		/* find a gap large enough */
		for (a=a0, gap=0; a<b; a++)
			if (!disk[a]) {
				for (gap=1; disk[a+gap] == disk[a]; gap++) ;
				if (gap >= run) break;
			}

		/* move if its */
		if (gap >= run)
			for (; run > 0; a++, run--) {
				disk[a] = disk[b+run-1];
				disk[b+run-1] = 0;
			}
	}
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{

	int part, i,j;
	uint64_t ans[2]={};

	if (argc > 1)
		DISCARD(freopen(argv[1], "r", stdin));
	
	input_sz = (int)fread(input, 1, sizeof(input), stdin);
	assert(!ferror(stdin));
	assert(feof(stdin));

	for (part=0; part<2; part++) {
		disk_sz = 0;

		for (i=0; i < input_sz && isdigit(input[i]); i++)
		for (j=0; j < input[i]-'0'; j++) {
			assert(disk_sz < (int)LEN(disk));
			disk[disk_sz++] = i%2 ? 0 : i/2+1;
		}

		defrag(part);

		for (i=0; i < disk_sz; i++)
			if (disk[i])
				ans[part] += i * (disk[i]-1);
	}

	printf("08: %"PRIu64" %"PRIu64"\n", ans[0], ans[1]);
	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	char buf[16], p1[9]="aaaaaaaa", p2[9]="aaaaaaaa";
	int counts[8][256]={}, i,j;

	if (argc > 1)
		freopen(argv[1], "r", stdin);

	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin))
		for (i=0; i<8 && buf[i] >= 'a' && buf[i] <= 'z'; i++)
			counts[i][(int)buf[i]]++;

	for (i=0; i<8; i++)
	for (j='a'; j<='z'; j++) {
		if (counts[i][j] > counts[i][(int)p1[i]]) p1[i] = j;
		if (counts[i][j] < counts[i][(int)p2[i]]) p2[i] = j;
	}

	printf("06: %s %s\n", p1, p2);
	

import aoc

def setup():
    dm = [int(x) for x in aoc.get_lines(9, stripped=True)[0]]
    ldm = len(dm)
    d = []
    f = 0
    for i in range(0, ldm, 2):
        lfi = dm[i]
        d.extend([f] * lfi)
        f += 1
        if i + 1 < ldm:
            lfr = dm[i + 1]
            d.extend([-1] * lfr)
    return d

def one():
    d = setup()
    h = 0
    t = len(d) - 1
    while h < t:
        if d[h] == -1:
            while t > h and d[t] == -1:
                t -= 1
            if t > h:
                d[h], d[t] = d[t], d[h]
                t -= 1
        h += 1
    print(sum(i * v for i, v in enumerate(d) if v != -1))

def two():
    d = setup()
    md = max(d)
    for fid in range(md, -1, -1):
        fis = [i for i, v in enumerate(d) if v == fid]
        if not fis:
            continue
        s, e = fis[0], fis[-1] + 1
        l, f, fi = e - s, 0, None
        for i in range(s):
            if d[i] == -1:
                if f == 0:
                    fi = i
                f += 1
                if f == l:
                    break
            else:
                f, fi = 0, None
        if fi is not None and f == l:
            d[fi:fi+l] = [fid]*l
            d[s:e] = [-1]*l
    print(sum(i * v for i, v in enumerate(d) if v != -1))

one()
two()

int[] layout = new int[0];
public void Input(IEnumerable<string> lines)
{
  layout = string.Join("", lines).ToCharArray().Select(c => int.Parse(c.ToString())).ToArray();
}

public void Part1()
{
  ushort?[] blocks = BuildBlockmap().ToArray();

  var it = 0;
  for (var i = blocks.Length - 1; i > it; i--)
  {
    if (blocks[i] == null)
      continue;

    while (it < blocks.Length && blocks[it] != null)
      ++it;

    if (it >= blocks.Length)
      break;

    (blocks[it], blocks[i]) = (blocks[i], null);
  }

  long checksum = 0;
  foreach (var part in blocks.OfType<ushort>().Select((b, i) => i * b))
    checksum += part;

  Console.WriteLine($"Checksum: {checksum}");
}

public void Part2()
{
  var sparse = BuildSparsemap().ToList();

  for (var i = sparse.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
  {
    if (sparse[i].Item1 == null)
      continue;

    for (var j = 0; j < i; ++j)
    {
      if (sparse[j].Item1 != null)
        continue;

      if (sparse[i].Item2 > sparse[j].Item2)
        continue;

      var size = sparse[j].Item2;
      size -= sparse[i].Item2;

      (sparse[j], sparse[i]) = (sparse[i], (null, sparse[i].Item2));

      if (i + 1 < sparse.Count && sparse[i + 1].Item1 == null)
      {
        sparse[i] = (null, (ushort)(sparse[i].Item2 + sparse[i + 1].Item2));
        sparse.RemoveAt(i + 1);
      }

      if (sparse[i - 1].Item1 == null)
      {
        sparse[i - 1] = (null, (ushort)(sparse[i - 1].Item2 + sparse[i].Item2));
        sparse.RemoveAt(i);
      }

      if (size > 0)
        sparse.Insert(j + 1, (null, size));

      j = i + 1;
    }
  }

  int ind = 0;
  long checksum = 0;
  foreach (var (val, cnt) in sparse)
    for (var i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
    {
      checksum += (val ?? 0) * ind;
      ++ind;
    }

  Console.WriteLine($"Checksum: {checksum}");
}

IEnumerable<ushort?> BuildBlockmap()
{
  ushort blockit = 0;
  bool block = true;
  foreach (var value in layout)
  {
    for (int i = 0; i < value; ++i)
      yield return block ? blockit : null;
    if (block)
      blockit++;
    block = !block;
  }
}

IEnumerable<(ushort?, ushort)> BuildSparsemap()
{
  ushort blockit = 0;
  bool block = true;
  foreach (var value in layout)
  {
    if (block)
      yield return (blockit++, (ushort)value);
    else
      yield return (null, (ushort)value);
    block = !block;
  }
}

fn part1(input: String) {
    let mut id: u64 = 0;
    let mut disk = Vec::new();
    let mut file = true;
    for b in input.trim().bytes() {
        let num: usize = (b - b'0') as usize;
        if file {
            disk.extend(vec![Some(id); num]);
            id += 1;
        } else {
            disk.extend(vec![None; num]);
        }
        file = !file;
    }

    let mut first_free = 0;
    while disk[first_free].is_some() {
        first_free += 1
    }

    let mut last_file = disk.len() - 1;
    while disk[last_file].is_none() {
        last_file -= 1
    }

    while first_free < last_file {
        disk[first_free] = disk[last_file];
        disk[last_file] = None;
        while disk[first_free].is_some() {
            first_free += 1
        }
        while disk[last_file].is_none() {
            last_file -= 1
        }
    }

    let checksum = disk
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|e| *e)
        .enumerate()
        .map(|(i, id)| i as u64 * id)
        .sum::<u64>();
    println!("{checksum}");
}

fn part2(input: String) {
    // Tuples of (idx, size)
    let mut free_spaces = Vec::new();
    // Tuples of (idx, size, id)
    let mut files = Vec::new();

    let mut id: u64 = 0;
    let mut disk_len = 0;
    let mut file = true;
    for b in input.trim().bytes() {
        let num = (b - b'0') as u64;
        if file {
            files.push((disk_len, num, id));
            id += 1;
        } else {
            free_spaces.push((disk_len, num));
        }
        disk_len += num;
        file = !file;
    }

    for (idx, size, _id) in files.iter_mut().rev() {
        match free_spaces
            .iter_mut()
            // Only search spaces left of file
            .take_while(|(sp_idx, _space)| sp_idx < idx)
            .find(|(_sp_idx, space)| space >= size)
        {
            None => {} // No space found
            Some((sp_idx, space)) => {
                // Move file into space
                *idx = *sp_idx;
                // Reduce free space
                *sp_idx += *size;
                *space -= *size;
            }
        }
    }

    let sum_range = |n| if n == 0 { 0 } else { (n * (n - 1)) / 2 };
    let checksum = files
        .iter()
        .map(|(idx, size, id)| (sum_range(idx + size) - sum_range(*idx)) * id)
        .sum::<u64>();
    println!("{checksum}");
}

util::aoc_main!();