Neither foo(), nor add_missing_values() looks suspicious. Nonetheless, if v.push_back(3) requires v to grow, then ref becomes an invalid reference and std::cout << ref becomes UB (use after free). In Rust this would not compiles.
It is order of magnitudes easier to have lifetime errors in C++ than in Rust (use after free, double free, data races, use before initialisation, …)
That’s why I did not said it was impossible, just order of magnitude harder to catch in C++ compared to Rust.
To have asan finding the bug, you need to have a valid unit test, that has a similar enough workload. Otherwise you may not see the bug with asan if the vector doesn’t grow (and thus ref would still be valid, not triggering UB), leading to a production-only bug.
Asan is a wonderfull tool, but you can’t deny it’s much harder to use and much less reliable than just running your compiler.
I think you have a hard time understanding the différence between “not possible” and “much harder”.
In Rust, the code does not compile.
In C++ the code compile, but
if you have a test case
this test case triggers the bug (it is not guarateed to properly reproduce you production environment since it depends on the parameters of the allocator of your vector)
you use ubsan
… then the bug will be caught.
Yes it is possible, noone says the opposite. But you can’t deny it’s harder. And because its harder, more bugs get past review, most notably security bugs as demonstrated again and again in many studies.
The
To be fair, it’s entirely possible to make the same and very similar mistakes in Rust, too.
I’m fairly sure use after free isn’t possible unless you explicitly use unsafe code right?
It’s compiler enforced is the point.
Yes
Definitively not.
I think you could argue the same point with C++
void foo() { std::vector v = {0, 1, 2, 4}; const auto& ref = v[1]; add_missing_values(v); std::cout << ref << "\n"; } void add_missing_values(std::vector<int>& v) { // ... v.push_back(3); }Neither foo(), nor add_missing_values() looks suspicious. Nonetheless, if
v.push_back(3)requiresvto grow, thenrefbecomes an invalid reference andstd::cout << refbecomes UB (use after free). In Rust this would not compiles.It is order of magnitudes easier to have lifetime errors in C++ than in Rust (use after free, double free, data races, use before initialisation, …)
This would be caught by ASan and other tools though, which should be part of any review.
That’s why I did not said it was impossible, just order of magnitude harder to catch in C++ compared to Rust.
To have asan finding the bug, you need to have a valid unit test, that has a similar enough workload. Otherwise you may not see the bug with asan if the vector doesn’t grow (and thus
refwould still be valid, not triggering UB), leading to a production-only bug.Asan is a wonderfull tool, but you can’t deny it’s much harder to use and much less reliable than just running your compiler.
I think you have a hard time understanding the différence between “not possible” and “much harder”.
In Rust, the code does not compile.
In C++ the code compile, but
… then the bug will be caught.
Yes it is possible, noone says the opposite. But you can’t deny it’s harder. And because its harder, more bugs get past review, most notably security bugs as demonstrated again and again in many studies. The