A big obstacle is the lack of loans, a subject of intense disagreement between richer and poorer countries. But in Congo, a hard-fought solar investment shows a possible path forward.
Honestly the culture of corruption is so ingrained in some places that a patriarchal approach that doesn’t give the fuckers a chance is the only thing I can imagine working (you’re too corrupt for us to let you do it, we’re doing it for you but we’ll train your people and insist on annual audits and terms that will absolutely break you if you try to steal from it).
A lot of small investments into small cooperatives and companies, for the investment site of things.
Other then that create local leadership and a culture of no tollereance for corruption. However that is a problem the locals have to solve.
Honestly the culture of corruption is so ingrained in some places that a patriarchal approach that doesn’t give the fuckers a chance is the only thing I can imagine working (you’re too corrupt for us to let you do it, we’re doing it for you but we’ll train your people and insist on annual audits and terms that will absolutely break you if you try to steal from it).