United States Public Law 103-150 of 1993 (known as the Apology Resolution), acknowledged that “the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi occurred with the active participation of agents and citizens of the United States” and also “that the Native Hawaiian people never directly relinquished to the United States their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people over their national lands, either through the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi or through a plebiscite or referendum.” Hawaiian Kingdom