I’ve been doing small hosting off and on for a while. Mainly for accessing files at home and the occasional Minecraft server. Not smart, as I’ve never used a specialized router. I used to use ddwrt, but now it’s impossible to flash most consumer grade routers.
id like to learn more stuff about cyber security, host other stuff, maybe host a website, but I’m just a guy who lives in an apartment. I’m stuck with 1 Internet service that claims it will terminate my service if they find me to be hosting anything. They must be semi-lax with that rule, because i haven’t gotten terminated for using ssh and cockpit.
Do you guys own a house, or are just fortunate enough to have access to an ISP that will let you host your own stuff?
I have a yearly vps subscription with 16GB ram, 160 GB ssd and 8 cores, including 5TB network limit. It is some Lithuanian company (time4vps). I don’t have a static ip at home, and if I want to get one I have to pay pretty much the same amount, so why bother?
It has Debian 11, and ufw as the only security measure, together with Caddy as reverse proxying everything so only a handful of ports are open (80,8080, 443, and one for syncthing and one for dot).
I have the following services running:
- Nextcloud (for office tools, calendar, to do, boards)
- firefly iii for self accounting
- technitium dns server for doh and dot with blocking
- grafana, prometheus and node exporter foe monitoring
- libreddit for, well, you know
- searcxng
- trilium for private knowledge base
- tailscale for tunneling and VPN
- syncthing for file syncing and password sync together with keepassxc
- my personal page, auto updating with github actions over sftp.
I have partially documented most of my work in my blog, so you can take a look if you wish https://mustafacanyucel.com/#blog .
Your blog looks nice , how did you made it?
Thank you! It is only css and html, but since my creative skills are no better than a potato’s, I am using a designer-made template for css .
I finally found someone who uses Technitium! Can you tell me how good it is compared to PiHole or Adguard Home?
Hey! I never used Adguard, and I mainly installed technitium to have a private and secure dns-over-https and dns-over-tls server. The blocking is also quite good, it has predefined lists (labeled like “gambling”, “scamming”, “porn”, “ads”…etc. ) that you can select. It also allows to use custom lists. The overall UI is also nice and has good UX.
For me it’s simple: my ISP has crippled the upload to 30mbps making it impossible to host something from my home publically (download is 300mbps or more) but I do selfhost on unraid … it’s just for stuff in my house or for my privately with vpn outside. I run a TON of apps this way… I just don’t need them to be … public they are just for me to use at home mostly.
That for me is also selfhosting.
Now that said: I still ask the same question to my isp when they want to upsell me something: and what about the upload? The sales persons mostly don’t know what I mean or how it matters 🤦♀️… anyway I’ve been doing this for 20+ years now…… kinda lost hope? But nah not yet 😏 … “hoop doet leven” we tell or selves over here (translates to: hope is live)
I also have limited upstream connectivity (40 Mbps nominally, in practice up to 43 sometimes), but I still host a nextcloud instance (files, addresses, calendars) for family and friends.
Fibre will become available soon with up to 300 Mbps upstream, then I may consider installing Lemmy or even a small peertube instance.
Yes, we own a house, so I have a dedicated server room in the basement with a small rack with a few old, but still moderately powerful servers, and our ISP (Deutsche Telekom) offers unlimited traffic volume and has no restrictions on hosting, as far as I can tell. Maybe if I did it commercially that would be different, but I don’t think so.
Same here. I have multiple servers between unraid and proxmox. Everything I have set is for local use. I used to have a few things accessible externally but now revert to using WireGuard if I need to access things locally. Only exception is that I have Nextcloud publicly accessible.
You can get cloud servers for only 5 EUR/month now which you can host basic stuff
I’ve been slowly adding things to the mini PC someone in my family gifted me. I keep thinking there’s no way this little machine can take one more thing. But as I sit here it’s idling between 10-20% and basically never peaks up to the top. I’ve had no issues with this little machine keeping up. I also have slow internet, the lowest package offered. But my little champion just keeps proving it’s self time and time again. It’s made me realize that most people on here are making this sound much more burdensome than it actually is for a personal use server. If it’s just you and family, you probably don’t need to worry about it.
The more I self host the more I realize everyone needs to be self hosting at least one thing. But really why not more? Things are getting easier and easier mostly because those amongst us with really in depth knowledge are making easy launch scripts and self deploying programs. It’s taught me a lot and has been a lot of fun. It’s also really practical. I especially like having the FTP which might be the first and easiest thing I setup. It’s really cool to have my own cloud it’s not super secure being that there’s no data redundancy but it’s more than adequate for things I already have redundancy for like my whole phone syncs up every night, but I also upload all my photos to a cloud service. I also have common space for me and my spouse to share files really really easily and keep these files all in a common space. This has been helpful when looking for medical records during an emergency. But also just to share larger files in general. We even keep a collection of ebooks on there, we read from my server every night. My kid watches most TV from my server too. This avoids my kid being exposed to most ads I find inappropriate.
nothing fancy, just pihole on my raspberry pi, and Terraria / Minecraft on my laptop for my friends and I (I would host on my computer but I have the really weird problem where something internet related on my computer randomly stops working when people are connected to these, and the internet doesn’t work until I restart my computer)
I have a salvaged desktop in a closet which I use for:
- pihole (adblock and local dns)
- unbound for upstream dns (no more 8.8.8.8 dns for me)
- VPN to access my home network and for some security on public wifi
- NAS (only via sshfs, want to try nextcloud) where data is stored on a software raid array
- a couple SQL databases for a hobby project
Since I have ports exposed (I know), I have it configured for no root login, some default ports are set to non default ports, and I have fail2ban installed.
I’m pretty proud of my setup and it’s made my life and work flow pretty awesome and simplified, especially with the WFH/hybrid stuff.
I want to try nextcloud so I can consolidate my calendar(s?), and get rid of trello as a service, in addition to serving my NAS files. But i want to test drive it first and I dont have a system to do that properly at the moment.
I host Nextcloud and it is huge life saving tool. I use it for backuping photos, hosting calendars, tasks, contacts and RSS. I use Nextcloud Deck as Trello replacement. Nextcloud can also replace Google Docs.
I originally thought it was overkill for me, who just needed to access files, until I read about deck, calendar, and chat. Now I’m ultra sold. I’m tired of slack, trello, email, calendar all being in different places.
An alternative to Pihole is Adguard and so far the latter has been a lot better for me personally.
I’ll check it out! Appreciate the suggestion
Also, you don’t need a crazy router to get started. Mine is a crappy $100 router. Most will have port forwarding if you need to expose ports, or ddns if you want a domain name. There are some things you’d want a slightly more powerful router for (like maybe a media server serving most of your house). But you can always upgrade your router.
My self hosted setups have evolved over the years. I started out with a Raspberry Pi hosting a Drupal site flying under my ISPs radar with a dynamic IP address I had to adjust my DNS settings to point to pretty frequently. In time I had 3 Pis running hosting websites. Then I learned about apache virtual hosts and put all the sites on one Pi. These days I use a ODroid H3+ to host a Nextcloud instance. It sits on the back of my desk collecting dust. Glamour pic for reference. I have it propped up on some junk for better cooling. I love it for it’s low power consumption and relatively good performance for a single board computer.
Home
Firewall / OpenBSD running on APU2
- Wireguard (only thing open to the public)
- IPSec site-to-site to Oracle cloud (only open for Oracle VPN GW IP)
- NSD for authoritative DNS
- Unbound for DNS filtering (unbound adblock script)
- script that updates my public IP to DNS provider should it change
Containers / Debian running on Asus PN62
- Portainer for controlling local Docker as well as one in the Oracle Cloud
- certbot with DNS auth to get certificate for local services, this way I don’t need to open anything to the Internet
- Traefik as reverse proxy configured via labels
Cloud
Cloudflare
- This is in front of public services
- Public DNS
Oracle Cloud
- Free tier server (4x vCPU, 24GB RAM) with Docker, Traefik, Portainer agent
- IPSec from home so I can control Docker on my cloud server
Azure
- Azure blob storage for backups (Restic)
Everything is separated as much as I can. All stacks are on separate networks with strict firewall rules (iptables) on host to control which container can talk to others. For example Traefik can talk to Gitea but not vice versa. Everything on physical network is separated by VLANs.
You can use things like Tailscale or Cloudflare Tunnel for hosting things inside your home network. I’d use Tailscale if only you or a couple of people need access to your internal network and services, or Cloudflare Tunnel if you want to expose your self-hosted services to the outside world.
I personally have the luxury to have 2 internet connections available to me. I live in an apartment where ISP connection A is shared among the residents (they all have their own router connected, so using double-nat, which is not great but it works), and I managed to negotiate with the landlord that I could use a dedicated fiber connection since it does not disrupt the rest of the residents, and my work pays that bill. It’s small virtual ISP, so I was also able to request a static public IP.
For my network at home, I’m using a Unifi stack: UDM-Pro and USW-Pro. For running services on my network, I have a server running Unraid where I mostly host services in containers of which I expect a lot of data to be stored on. Rest of my services I run on 6 thinclient grade hardware ( 4 Lenovo ThinkCenter M73 Tiny, 1 HP ProDesk 600 G3 and 1 Shuttle XH61V) using Nomad for the container clustering, docker as the runtime engine, and Consul for service discovery.
My router port-forwards a select number of ports (80 and 443 among things) to my reverse proxy (Traefik) which then routes the connections to the correct services based on the URL and other rules.
But, if your ISP is being difficult… renting a VPS these days is a viable option.
Honestly I don’t recommend hosting your own public facing stuff yourself at all these days. Keep it all internal and if you have websites or other stuff you need to have publicly facing then put it on a cheap hosting service applicable for what you’re doing.
Security of public facing services is very difficult for most people to get right especially on an ongoing basis. Better that your backed up VPS gets hacked then something on your personal home network.
I live in an apartment and used to run everything off of an Optiplex, never had any issues with my ISP.
I ended up switching to Oracle’s Free Tier. They offer 4 ARM cores with 24 GB of RAM and 200 GB SSD for free.
My ISP used to block ports and have pretty strict anti hosting rules, but I moved to a place with more lax rules on hosting and set up a few things. When I moved back, I kept things exactly as I had them. They must have eased their rules because everything has worked and I’ve been back for 3 years now and they haven’t dinged me.
I have a small StarTech rack in my living room (live in an apartment) with some rack mount gear in it (R720, R210II, SuperMicro 846) as well as an “off-site” seed box rented from one of the OVH sub brands out of Canada. I use that server for any services that need to be public facing, that way my home is not exposed (not that I could really, with CGNAT).
For example, I host my own lemmy instance, which was a PITA to set up and get federating correctly.
I have an ASUSTOR NAS with 16tb storage that runs my Plex server. It’s hardwired to my old gaming rig (2070 GPU / i79700k CPU) which handles the transcoding. I never took the time to set up Sonarr/Radarr so I just manually manage the torrents from there when I add stuff. I own my house if that matters and I have AT&T Fiber, 1000 up/ 1000 down.
Not sure if I understand, are you behind CGNAT? do you want the service to be publicly accessible? If you can’t do port forwarding, tailscale can help to access remotely.
Currently I use a normal desktop pc with proxmox and a few drives there to spin up some VMs and LXC. For the service I use podman. Works great.
Hope you have fun in this journey.
